particle の - 「の」in「お嫁さんにしたいの好き」

A line (highlighted) from an anime named 「あの日見た花の名前を僕達はまだ知らない。」:

めんま「めんまもじんたん好きー」

じんたん「好きだって、友だちの好きとか、それだけじゃねえからな」

めんま「わかってるよ、お嫁さんにしたいの好きでしょ？」

I guess「お嫁さんにしたいの好き」is said to contrast with「友だちの好き」above. However, the structure of 用言+の＋好き sounds kind of uncommon to me. In most cases I would expect a 「ほど」or「くらい」instead of a「の」here.

So the question is:

How productive is the usage of the 「の」here? How weird are「手を握ったの親しい」「消えてもらいたいの嫌い」etc.

Answer

I interpret it as that being the "kind" of fondness this person has. It might make more sense if you put quotes around it or add という.

「お嫁さんにしたい」の好き

お嫁さんにしたいという好き

お嫁さんにしたい is being used as a phrase to describe what kind of 好き it is but not in a way that follows the normal rules of grammar, or to put it more precisely, not in a way that follows how you might expect the phrase "お嫁さんにしたい" to be used. That is to say, it's not "I like you as a friend" but rather "I like you like 'I want you to be my wife.'" Similarly, 好き is not being used in its normal sense of ～が好き but rather as a representation of the word itself. So for example, in English you can say "cats are cute," but you can also say "'cats' is a cute word" and still be correct even though you're saying "cats is."

Basically these words and phrases are being nominalized and used as you would expect a noun be used.

hashkafah philosophy - Is Jewish theology Panentheistic by definition?

Is the Jewish view that everything in creation is a hidden manifestation of God, i.e. that God is enclothed so to speak, in every element of creation, similar to Panentheism.

Or is God "outside" of His creations, so to speak, guiding them from His "place".

Or perhaps a third possibility?

grammar - にしても and としても, is there a difference?

にしても and としても...Don't they both have a meaning of "even if"? Is there any subtle difference between these two forms?

Answer

There is some overlapping meaning. There are also some differences.

I think you may be touching on the deeper subject of the differences between に and と.

Comparing the definitions of に and と shows that they can both be used to refer to the result（結果） of something. に shows the result of becoming (dynamic) and と shows the result of being (stative).

According to the 大辞林, the に in にしても is a form of the word なり which is a contraction of にあり and is related to なる.

The と in としても is a form of the word たり which is a contraction of てあり, showing completed action and is related to である.

にしても ⇒ になるとしても ⇒ になっても
としても ⇒ であるとしても ⇒ であっても

にしても implies "even when" something becomes the case

としても implies "even if" something is the case or "even as", "even for".

Obviously there is some overlap in English as well between "even when" and "even if" and I think that this generally agrees with the overlap in Japanese between にしても and としても.

So let's compare two sentences:

赤としても黒としても．．．事実は変わらない

（赤であっても黒であっても）

You could think of this as "even if it's red, even if it's black", which in context might give you something like this:

• "Whether it's red or black won't change the facts"

Or you could think of it as "even as red, even as black"...

• "Even as red or black, it wouldn't change the facts"

Or you could think of it as "even for red, even for black"...

• "The facts aren't going to change for red or black"

赤にしても黒にしても．．．事実は変わらない

（赤になっても黒になっても）

This could be thought of as "even when it's red, even when it's black".

In context, maybe something like this:

• "The facts won't change whether we make it red or black"

Or you could think of it as "even for red, even for black"...

• "The facts won't change for red or black"

However, using にしても I think it's difficult to get the meaning "even as" because while として implies taking on a role as something （医者として - "as a doctor"）, にして can't really fully express the idea of taking on a role.

Just as a final note, I think using the volitional ～しましょう makes the difference between に and と a little clearer.

赤にしましょう - Let's make it red

赤としましょう - Let's say that it's red

particle と - How do I interpret にならないとも限りません?

あの人を匿うことで迷惑な事態にならないとも限りません。

I'm having trouble interpreting the above phrase especially the とも。

Would it mean something like

"Hiding that person might cause trouble(?)"

Answer

～とは限りません is a set phrase that means "You cannot take it for granted that ～", "It's not always true that ～". You can find examples here. This と is a quotative particle, は is a topic marker. ～ないとは限りません is a double-negative expression which effectively means "It's possible that ～".

You can replace this は with も and say ～とも限りません, which also means the same thing.

The difference between ～とは限りません and ～とも限りません is small, but the former sounds a little more direct and the latter sounds a little more reserved. This is one of the basic roles of the particle も. See: What is the difference between 「とは限らない」and 「とも限らない」

あの人を匿うことで迷惑な事態にならないとも限りません。
You cannot assume you won't run into trouble by sheltering that person.
(i.e., You may run into trouble if you hide that person.)

organic chemistry - Which platonic solids have been built as carbon skeletons?

There are 5 platonic solids: the tetrahedron, the octahedron, the cube, the dodecahedron and the icosahedron.

How many of these have been realised as carbon skeletons by chemical synthesis?

Answer

The previous answer and comments have already listed out the known platonic hydrocarbons, however, since the OP had expressed an interest in the synthesis of these platonic hydrocarbons in one of his comments, I have provided some commentary to that effect along with links to the original papers that first reported these compounds. Also, of interest would be this paper

Tetrahedrane

Technically speaking, Tetrahedrane ($\ce{C4H4}$) still remains a hypothetical compound, as an unsubstituted version hasn't been synthesised yet.

Two stable derivatives, whose synthesis has been achieved include tetra-tert-butyltetrahedrane (prepared in 1978 by Günther Maier) and tetra(trimethylsilyl)tetrahedrane (reported in 2002).

Tetra-tert-butyltetrahedrane

The original paper discussing the synthesis can be found here. The synthesis has been summarised below. The authors rationalise the stability of this compound as follows:

If all the corners of the tetrahedrane unit are occupied by bulky groups then on lengthening one bond of the ring skeleton , two tert-butyl groups tending to increase their mutual separation will be forced back together by the other ones ("corset effect"); a tetrahedral structure permits the four substituents to adopt a regular spherical distribution and hence a maximum mutual separation.

In simpler terms, trying to break a bond forces the bulky substituents together increasing strain.

Tetrakis(trimethylsilyl)tetrahedrane

Again, the synthetic route is given below. The original paper is also by Günther Maier.

Reaction with methyllithium has yielded the stable tetrahedranyllithium derivative. These coupling reactions with this lithium compound have allowed access to more derivatives, for example the dimer in the last step of the reaction scheme given above.

This compound is far more stable than the tert-butyl analogue. On account of the silicon–carbon bond being longer than a carbon–carbon bond, the corset effect is reduced. $\sigma$-donor character of the trimethylsilyl explains the increased stabilisation of the tetrahedrane.

The tetrahedrane skeleton is made up of banana bonds, and hence the carbon atoms are high in s-orbital character

Cubane

Cubane was first synthetically realised by Eaton and Cole in 1964. The synthetic scheme from the original paper is given below:

Note: In the original synthesis, the starting material for this, 2-bromocyclopentadienone, was obtained from 2-cyclopentenone via allylic bromination with N-bromosuccinimide in carbon tetrachloride followed by addition of molecular bromine to the alkene gives a 2,3,4-tribromocyclopentanone. After treatment of this compound with diethylamine in diethyl ether, which causes elimination of two equivalents of hydrogen bromide, we get the desired diene product.

Again, the cubane is kinetically stable because of lack of readily accessible decomposition paths.

Dodecahedrane

Dodecahedrane was synthesised by Leo Paquette in 1982, and later by Prinzbach (via pagodane) in 1987.

The pagodane synthetic route has been given below.

Paquette's 1982 organic synthesis takes about 29 steps, and starts from cyclopentadiene, and for the sake of brevity, I have not presented it here.

syntax - Is repetition of words in questions, such as the 番 in 電話番号 は何番ですか common in Japanese?

In this other question, the answers say that 電話{でんわ}番号{ばんごう}は何番ですか is a common way of asking for someones number. I was thrown off by the repitition of 番, but the answers say it's commonly used. So it got me thinking, is this kind of repeatition common and are there other phrases or situations like this where, a word is repeated?

Answer

A. 電話{でんわ}番号{ばんごう}は何番{なんばん}ですか。(What is your phone number?)

B. 今年{ことし}は何年{なんねん}ですか。(What year is this?)

C. 好{す}きな色{いろ}は何色{なにいろ}ですか。(What is your favorite color?)

D. この車{くるま}はあなたの車{くるま}ですか。(Is this your car?)

All of these four sentences include a kind of duplication, but nobody feels that they are redundant.

Perhaps you think that A, B, C and D can be said differently as follows.

---

A'. #電話番号は何{なん}ですか。

B'. #今年は何{なん}ですか。

C'. 好きな色は何{なん}ですか。

D'. この車はあなたの (or あなたのもの）ですか。

A' and B' are not correct. Neither of them makes sense.
They are questions for the number, the order, or the numbering of something. Then you need to use the counter suffix with 何{なん}, as 何番, 何年, 何人, 何本, etc.

C' and D' are perfectly correct. ''色'' in ''何色'' is not a counter suffix. So you can say ''何{なん}の色{いろ}'' instead of ''何色{なにいろ}''.
By the way, if 何色 is read as ''なんしょく'', it is a question for ''how many colors''. Please look at this question and my answer if you'd like more details about this.

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A''. #電話は何番ですか。

B''. !今は何年ですか。

C''. !好きなのは何色ですか。

D''. これはあなたの車ですか。

A'' is still strange, even more than A'.

は plays a role to indicate what the speaker is talking about. You're talking about the phone of your friend, not about the phone number, so A, the first one, is the most natural.

B'' and C'' are actually used sometimes, but they are less common than B and C are.

How about D''? The word ''これ'' is used when both the speaker and the listener recognize the thing and it is near the speaker or near both of them. (This page would be helpful.) When it's obvious what you're referring to, ''これ'' is used instead of ''この車''.

organic chemistry - Friedel-Crafts reaction of anisole?

We know that phenol and aniline, despite being strongly activating, are unable to to undergo Friedel-Crafts reactions because they form complexes with $\ce{AlCl3}$, thanks to the lone pair on nitrogen and oxygen atoms.

However, according to my notes (and Google) anisole does undergo Friedel-Crafts reactions. How can it be possible, why is there no complex formation this time?

Also, I wanted to know how can we say that a certain group like $\ce{OH}$ will surely form a complex? Is containing a lone pair a sufficient condition?

Answer

Friedel-Crafts acylation of anisole with acetyl chloride and aluminium chloride as catalyst is a standard laboratory procedure to synthesize acetanisole.

            

The fact that this reaction is possible does not imply that there is no complex formation with $\ce{AlCl3}$. On the contrary, it is quite probable that such complexes do form due to the interaction of the methoxy oxygen with $\ce{AlCl3}$.

Therefore, and to compensate the formation of complexes with the resulting ketone, $\ce{AlCl3}$ is added in more than two-fold excess in the above synthesis.