Sunday, May 6, 2018

terminology - What is the difference between an element and an atom?


First, I would like to quote sentences from a book introducing elements and atoms:



An element is a fundamental (pure) form of matter that cannot be broken down to a simpler form.


Elements are made up of particles called atoms. An atom is the smallest unit of any element [...]



The first quote states that element cannot be broken down to a simpler form, but the second quote says elements are formed by atoms, which means element can be split into a simpler form (atoms)?


The difference between atom and element confuses me.





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periodic trends - Comparing radii in lithium, beryllium, magnesium, aluminium and sodium ions

Apparently the of last four, $\ce{Mg^2+}$ is closest in radius to $\ce{Li+}$. Is this true, and if so, why would a whole larger shell ($\ce{...