Wednesday, April 25, 2018

organic chemistry - How does toluene react at higher temperatures and why?




Reaction of toluene at high temperatures gives us (o-m)toluene; whereas at normal conditions of electrophilic attack, it gives us (o-p) directing.



Why does this happen at high temp although as methyl group is activating and o-p directing?




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periodic trends - Comparing radii in lithium, beryllium, magnesium, aluminium and sodium ions

Apparently the of last four, $\ce{Mg^2+}$ is closest in radius to $\ce{Li+}$. Is this true, and if so, why would a whole larger shell ($\ce{...