晩ご飯が作ってある
Dinner has been made. (intentional)晩ご飯を作っておいた.
(I) made dinner (so I can eat it).
They seem quite the same. Btw what are some cases in which -てあった are used? I can't recreate one.
Answer
1)「晩{ばん}ご飯{はん}が作{つく}ってある。」
Dinner has been made (and it is still there untouched.)
2)「晩ご飯を作っておいた.」
Someone made dinner some time ago (so that I/someone could eat it later on).
The difference in meaning between the two sentences would depend heavily on the current situation of the meal that one made.
Sentence #1, even without any further context, would always mean that the meal (or at least the speaker's portion) is still there uneaten and available as the speaker utters the sentence. This is because of the use of 「～～ってある」. "Dinner was made and it is still there." The temporal point of reference is NOW.
Sentence #2 without any further context, however, leaves one unsure of what has happened to the dinner that was made. Someone may already have eaten it or it may still be there untouched. The temporal point of reference is in the PAST.
Thus, the two sentences would describe practically the same situation only on the condition that the dinner in question is still there.
Moving on to 「～～てあった」...
「晩ご飯が作ってあった。」
means:
"Dinner had been made." (You found that situation some time ago.)
The temporal point of reference is in the past. For instance, you could say "When I got home from school yesterday, dinner had already been made." The meal was there ready to eat. Once again, the sentence says nothing about whether or not you actually ate it.
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