Sunday, October 14, 2018

electronic configuration - Why does Boron only need 6 valence electrons unlike the standard 8?


So I was a bit confused. Hydrogen and Boron seem to be the only outliers to the octet rule. Hydrogen makes sense because it has only one shell and 2 electrons complete its shell. Boron's configuration, however, is $1s^2 2s^2 2p^1$. Having 6 valence electrons would mean having a configuration of $1s^2 2s^2 2p^4$ which doesn't seem as stable as $1s^2 2s^2 2p^6$ or even as stable as $1s^2 2s^2 2p^3$ since one would think that there is repulsion going on between electrons in the first orbital of p in $1s^2 2s^2 2p^4$. Thanks in advance!




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periodic trends - Comparing radii in lithium, beryllium, magnesium, aluminium and sodium ions

Apparently the of last four, $\ce{Mg^2+}$ is closest in radius to $\ce{Li+}$. Is this true, and if so, why would a whole larger shell ($\ce{...