May a Chazzan decide on his own to do a Hechi Kedushah, or are there rules for when it is appropriate/mandated?
Answer
The Shulchan Aruch (OC 232:1) recommends doing this when השעה דחוקה=the time is pressing, which the Rama (OC 124:2) defines as when the congregation is afraid that if they do the full repetition they won't finish by the end of the allotted time for that prayer. (See Biur Halacha OC 124 sv SheYa'avor who debates if this is Chatzot or Sof Zman Tefillah in regards to Shacharit.)
The Mishna Berurah there (sk 6) points out that if it is not a pressing time one should not do this, as the proper form of the enactment of Chazal is to have the repetition come after the silent prayer.
The Aruch HaShulchan (OC 232:7) suggests that, at a very small minyan where it is doubtful that 9 people will answer Amen (as they tend to talk, etc.), one should always do a Heichi Kedusha lest the leader's blessings during his repetition be levatala.
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