Saturday, July 21, 2018

meaning - Difference between 「彷徨う」 and 「彷徨える」、「狂う」 and 「狂える」 etc


In 大辞林, the definition of さまよえる as in さまよえるオランダ人 is



あてもなくさまよっている。




while the (primary) definition of さまよう is



当てもなく、あるいは目指す所が見つからずにあちこち歩き回る。



What's the difference between the two words, and other similar pairs such as 狂える as in 狂えるオルランド and 狂う?


Is it related to the use of 可能動詞, e.g. 笑える泣ける, for involuntary actions?



Answer




  • [彷徨]{さまよ}[へ]{え}: the 命令形 (imperative form) of さまよふ, which is the archaic version of さまよう

  • [狂]{くる}[へ]{え}: the 命令形 of くるふ, the archaic version of 狂う


  • : the 連体形 (attributive form) of , which is an archaic auxiliary verb similar in purpose to た/だ (perfective) or ている/でいる in modern Japanese. It takes the "imperative" form for whatever reason.


So さまよえるオランダ人 is just the archaic version of さまよっているオランダ人, and 狂えるオルランド is the archaic version of 狂ったオルランド or 狂っているオルランド. The archaic languages are used for aesthetic purposes.


Another example:



  • 眠れ森の美女 Sleeping Beauty


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