Wednesday, February 22, 2017

polymers - Is there ANY chemical that can destroy PTFE, or Teflon?


Polytetrafluoroethylene was discovered by accident. It now is an important material in the industry mainly because of its extremely high bonding energy, which prevents corrosion, halts reaction, and reduces friction (yeah carbon-fluorine bonds!)


And people would have definitely put it to the test, making it contain some of the most vicious and chemically diabolical substances ever created. There is a whole HOST of items it can contain that some chemists have gone so far as to say they were 'evil':




  1. Dioxygen Difluoride
    Known as the gas of Lucifer, there is a whole list of people blown up and killed while just trying to work with one of its components, fluorine. It ignites stuff at temperatures that most of the stuff that we breathe in would be in liquid form. No one really knows about its atomic structure (obviously).





  2. Fluoroantimonic Acid
    With a staggering pH of -25, it chews through stuff you might not even believe could be corroded; like wax or glass. It can even strip hydrogen off of methane




...There are a lot of other chemical demons it can contain, but this is not the point. Let this suffice: Chemical Resistance Comparison (Spoiler: Fluorine is good at this corrosion thing.)


With this kind of hyper-resistance to about anything chemically destructive, is there anything that can destroy Teflon through only chemical means? A chemical that reacts exothermically to release heat, which melts the PTFE does not count. You get the drift.


Also, I am very curious as to whether there is anything more resilient than Teflon? Polytetrafluoroethylene is made of many carbon-fluorine bonds in series. However, carbon-fluorine is second only to the Si-F bond. Is there an "overclocked" Teflon made of silicon-fluorine bonds that is even stronger?


EDIT: Now I know that some, but very few, solvents can make a mark on Teflon; but my question has not been answered: Is there any more resistant substances?



(More Teflon bragging: Here. Take that aqua regia)



Answer



Just to add a bit to Ben's excellent answer...



  • A number of fluorinating agents also react with PTFE, $\ce{XeF2}$ and $\ce{CoF3}$ being examples

  • Ben mentioned the reaction of magnesium metal. Typically with metals, they must be in intimate contact with the PTFE surface, so molten metals or metals dissolved in anhydrous solvents will react.


The magnesium reaction is of special interest because it serves as the basis of the thermite flare. A pyrotechnic device commonly used in the countermeasures aircraft use to evade heat-seeking missiles. The reaction of metals with PTFE is given by the following equation (I think this is the general description for the reaction of metals with PTFE; I'm suspect of the reaction proposed by Ben involving the formation of poly-perfluoroacetylene).


$$\ce{2Mg + -(C2F4){-} → 2MgF2 + 2C}$$


The formation of $\ce{MgF2}$ is extremely exothermic. The heat given off along with the carbon soot provides a new, much hotter, target for the attacking missile to lock onto.



As to whether there is anything more resistant, I suspect that is unlikely. The $\ce{C-F}$ bond is shorter (135 pm) than the $\ce{Si-F}$ bond (160 pm) and therefore better serves to encase and protect the carbon backbone. While there are some other polymers that have better mechanical or thermal properties, I am not aware of any that have better chemical resistance. In Polymers for Electronic & Photonic Application from 2013, the author states, "PTFE is the most chemically resistant polymer known".


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