Of course I'm talking about casual writing as opposed to formal or polite writing.
There are many 新字体 that were kind of "half" simplified in to the equivalent simplified Chinese forms such as 関 and 広 (just randomly picking) where the simplified Chinese equivalent would be 关 and 广.
Then there are kanji that aren't simplified at all such as 門, 個 and 機 where the Chinese simplified would be 门, 个 and 机.
Furthermore there are characters that only get simplified when they are radicals such as 金 in 銀 that gets simplified to 银 in Chinese.
My question is that are these simplified Chinese versions of the kanji sometimes used in place of the Japanese version? This is mainly concerning the characters that end up with less strokes in simplified Chinese compared to Japan's versions since they would (usually) be faster to write.
Answer
Are these simplified Chinese versions of the kanji sometimes used in place of the Japanese version?
The answer is yes, if the Chinese simplification coincides with the simplification used in Japan. These simplifications have existed long before the writing reform in the 1960s and so it is only natural that there would be some overlap.
These 略字 are often employed in handwriting (as are カタカナ and ひらがな where appropriate) to avoid having to write full 漢字 characters. One example would be university lectures delivered on the blackboard, where a lot of characters have to be written in a limited time.
As far as I know, 略字 are not used in print.
Like I commented, 門 is in fact simplified to 
and, e.g., 関 would be simplified to with 关 inside (not on its own).
Likewise 機 is simplified to 木偏 plus キ, and 個 is simplified to 人偏 plus 口, so that all of the examples you claim to be not have simplifications, do in fact have simplifications (which just don't coincide with the simplification for Simplified Chinese). However, 言偏 can be simplified to 讠, as in Simplified Chinese.
I think Japanese 略字 don't include any lopsided characters like 广.
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