Sunday, August 5, 2018

organic chemistry - How does polarimetry account for the orientation of the molecules?


If you have some sample in solution (of a pure R substance), wouldn't the individual molecules all have a random orientation in space? Or do the photons emitted into the solution cause all of the molecules to align? Or is it just that, statistically, a given percentage of the particles will have an orientation which corresponds to the polarized light source.




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periodic trends - Comparing radii in lithium, beryllium, magnesium, aluminium and sodium ions

Apparently the of last four, $\ce{Mg^2+}$ is closest in radius to $\ce{Li+}$. Is this true, and if so, why would a whole larger shell ($\ce{...