Tuesday, April 18, 2017

organic chemistry - Decarboxylation mechanism and stability of α,β-unsaturated and α-hydroxy acids



I was wondering why α,β-unsaturated and α-hydroxy acids undergo decarboxylation. Also, I'm aware of neither the products nor mechanism. All I know is that β-keto acids and α-nitro compounds have resonance stabilized anions and have stable transition states.


But α,β-unsaturated have none of those and it isn't that electronegative as its sp2. Someone please help me out; I can't find the answer anywhere else.




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periodic trends - Comparing radii in lithium, beryllium, magnesium, aluminium and sodium ions

Apparently the of last four, $\ce{Mg^2+}$ is closest in radius to $\ce{Li+}$. Is this true, and if so, why would a whole larger shell ($\ce{...