Wednesday, September 13, 2017

acid base - How do I write a procedure for creating a buffer?


I need to write an original procedure with exact numbers for creating a buffer:



Create a buffer using $\ce{CH3COOH}$ and $\ce{CH3COONa}$ that has a $\pu{pH}$ of exactly $3.75$.


A $\pu{50 mL}$ sample of your buffered solution has to be able to withstand the addition of $\pu{25.00 mL}$ of $\pu{0.10 M}$ $\ce{NaOH}$ solution.


"Withstand" here is defined as less "than $0.5$ change in $\mathrm{pH}$."



The buffered solution will break after the addition of no more than $\pu{35.0 mL}$ of the $\pu{0.10 M}$ $\ce{NaOH}$.


We are given $\pu{0.10 M}$ $\ce{NaOH}$ and $\pu{6 M}$ acetic acid.



Where I've got so far:


I took the $\mathrm{p}K_\mathrm{a}$ of acetic acid $(4.75)$ and the desired $\mathrm{pH}$ $(3.75)$ and put it into the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:


$$3.75 = 4.75 + \log\frac{[\text{salt}]}{[\text{acid}]}$$


$$\log\frac{[\text{salt}]}{[\text{acid}]} = -1$$


So


$$\frac{[\text{salt}]}{[\text{acid}]} = 0.10,$$


which means we want the ratio $[\ce{CH3COONa}]:[\ce{CH3COOH}]$ to be $0.10$.



I think we can prepare a solution containing $\pu{0.10 M}$ $\ce{CH3COONa}$ and $\pu{1.00 M}$ $\ce{CH3COOH}.$ But with what we're given $(\pu{0.10 M}$ $\ce{NaOH}$ and $\pu{6 M}$ acetic acid), I don't know how to proceed and find exact numbers for a procedure.




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